University of Birmingham

The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a university located in Britishred brick city of Birmingham, UK. It received its Royal Charter in 1900 as the successor to the Birmingham Medical School (1825) and Mason School of Sciences (1875). Birmingham was the first Redbrick university to gain status and therefore university status. He is a member of the Russell Group of research universities and a founding member of Universitas 21. Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) Data (2011) Birmingham placed in the 12 institutions in England with the highest income requirements.

The student population includes around 18,000 undergraduate and graduate students of 8000, making it the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. Beginning in 2011, is the most popular English university seventh in number of applications. In 2010 Birmingham was ranked as the tenth most popular British university graduate employers. The annual income of the institution for 2010-11 was £ 470.7 million, with an expenditure of £ 443.7 million. Birmingham has the ninth largest financial endowment of any British university at approximately £ 85 million in 2009.

Birmingham is ranked nationally between 10th (The Times HES) and 23 (The Independent) and 99th internationally (ARWU) in the 2010 ranking. The 2011 QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Birmingham in 67 in the world. Ranking Times TheSunday compound placed on 19 university from 1998 to 2007. Birmingham was ranked 12th in the UK in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercisewith 16 percent of university research considered "world leader" and an additional 41 percent as "internationally excellent", with strengths in the fields of music, physics, life sciences, computer science, mechanical engineering, political science, international relations and law. Birmingham consistently achieves high levels of satisfaction in the National Student Survey. Course satisfaction was 85% in 2011, which grew by 88% in 2012.

The University is the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, housing works by Van Gogh, Picasso and Monet, the Lapworth Museum of Geology and the Clock Tower of Joseph Chamberlain Memorial, a prominent landmark visible from many parts of the city, and the tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. Birmingham Sports activities have been consistently ranked in the top three in British Universities competitions for the past 15 years. Alumni include former British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and eight Nobel laureates.

History

Birmingham Medical School and Mason Science College

Although the earliest beginnings of the University were previously traced back to theBirmingham Medical School which is linked to William Sands Cox in his aim of creating a medical school along strictly Christian lines, unlike the London medical schools, research after the roots have now revealed the Birmingham School of Medicine in medical education seminars of Mr John Tomlinson the first surgeon in Birmingham Workhouse Hospital, and later at General Hospital. These classes were the first to be held outside London or south of the Scottish border in the winter of 1767-68. Clinical instruction took place for the first medical and surgical trainees in the General Hospital, opened in 1779. The medical school of nursing emerged Birmingham Workhouse was founded in 1828, but Cox began teaching in December 1825. Queen Victoria granted his patronage to the Clinical Hospital in Birmingham and allowed him to be styled "Queen's Hospital." It was the first provincial teaching hospital in England. In 1843, the medical school is known as Queen's College.

On February 23, 1875, Sir Josiah Mason, the Birmingham industrialist and philanthropist, who made his fortune in making key chains, pens, nibs and electroplating, founded Mason Science College. It was this institution that would eventually form the core of the University of Birmingham. In 1882, the Departments of Chemistry, Botany and Physiology were transferred to Mason Science College, soon followed by the Departments of Physics and Comparative Anatomy. The relocation of the School of Medicine Faculty Mason gave a significant boost to the growing importance of the university in 1896 as a movement to incorporate it became a college. As a result of the Mason University College Act of 1897 was incorporated as Mason University College on January 1, 1898, with the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain MP becoming the President of the High Court.

Royal Charter

It was largely due to the tireless enthusiasm of Chamberlain College was granted a Royal Charter of Queen Victoria, on March 24, 1900. The Calthorpe family offered twenty-five acres (10 hectares) of land on the side of their heritage Bournbrook in July. The Court of Governors received the Birmingham University Act 1900, which put the Royal Charter into force on 31 May. Birmingham was therefore arguably the first call red brick university, although several other universities claim this title.

Transfer of Mason University College of the new University of Birmingham, with Chamberlain as first Chancellor and Sir Oliver Lodge as the Capital, was complete. All that remained of Josiah Mason's legacy was his Mermaid in the sinister chief of the university shield and of his college, the two-headed lion in the right hand. He became the first civic and campus university in England. The University Charter of 1900 also includes provisions for the Faculty of Commerce, as appropriate for a university was founded by industrialists and based in a city with enormous business wealth, in effect, creating the first Business School in England. Consequently, the power, the first of its kind in Britain, was founded by Sir William Ashley in 1901, which from 1902 to 1923 he served as first Professor of Commerce and Dean of the Faculty. From 1905 to 1908, Edward Elgar Peyton served as professor of music at the university. He was succeeded by his friend Granville Bantock. The files of the heritage of the University of Birmingham are accessible for research through the University Special Collections

Expansion

In 1939, the Barber Institute of Fine Arts, designed by Robert Atkinson, was opened. In 1956, the Master of Geotechnical Engineering first began under the title of "Engineering Foundation", and has performed annually at the University of Birmingham since. It was the first geotechnical post-graduate school in England. Longest running UK Masters program in physics and nuclear reactor technology also began at the University of Birmingham in 1956, the same year that the first commercial nuclear power station opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria. In 1957, Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder were asked by the university to prepare a master plan on the site of the original 1900 buildings were incomplete. The university drafted in other architects to amend the master plan prepared by the group. During the 1960s, the university was built many large buildings, expanding the campus. In 1963, the University of Birmingham helped in the creation of the medical school of the University of Rhodesia, now the University of Zimbabwe (UZ). UZ is now independent but both institutions maintain relationships through student exchange programs.

Birmingham also supported the creation of Keele (formerly University College of North Staffordshire) and the University of Warwick in the Vice President of Sir Robert Aitken, who acted as the "godfather" of the University of Warwick. The initial plan was to establish a satellite university college in Coventry, but Aitken advised an independent initiative to the University Grants Committee.

Achievements

The university has been involved in many important inventions and developments in science. The cavity magnetron was developed at the University in the Department of Physics, John Randall, Harry Boot and James Sayers. This was vital to the Allied victory in World War II. In 1940, the Frisch-Peierls memorandum, a document showing that the atomic bomb was only possible in theory, it was written in the Department of Physics. The university also hosted early work on gaseous diffusion in the Chemistry Department, while in the Hills building. Many windows in the Aston Webb building overlooking the former fume cupboards were opaque being attacked by hydrofluoric acid in recent years.

In 1943, Mark Oliphant earlier made a proposal for the construction of a proton synchrotron, however did no guarantee that the machine could work. When phase stability was discovered in 1945, the proposal was resurrected and construction of a machine that could surpass 1GeV college. The university was aiming to build the first machine to do this, however, funds were short and the team did not begin until 1953. They were beaten by the Brookhaven National Laboratory, which managed to start his Cosmotronin 1952, and get up and running in 1953, at the University of Birmingham.

Recent history

The latest round of discussions in the first televised leaders', organized by the BBC, was held at the university during the campaign of 2010 British general election on April 29, 2010. Also served as a training ground for Jamaica's track and field team before the 2012 London Olympics.

On August 9, 2010, the University announced that for the first time would not be in the clearing process for 2010 UCAS admission, which matches under subscribed courses to students who failed in their firm or insurance options, because all places being taken. Largely due to the financial crisis of 2007-2010, Birmingham joins fellow Russell Group universities such as Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Bristol by not offering any compensation instead.

In 2012, the University has announced plans to build a new sports center and library.

Controversies

The discipline of Cultural Studies was founded at the University of Birmingham. Between 1991 and 2002, the campus was home to thecentre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, a leading research center whose members' work became known as the School of Cultural Studies at Birmingham. Despite being set in one of the key figures in the field, Richard Hoggart, and was later directed by renowned theorist Stuart Hall, the department was shut down debate.

The analysis showed that the University was fourth on the list of UK universities facing most labor demands of the Court in the past three years. They were the. Second most likely to resolve these before the date of the audience

In 2011 a parliamentary Early Day Motion was arguing against proposed suspension of the Vice President-elect Brotherhood sabbatical (Education), who was arrested while participating in protest activities.

In December 2011 it was announced that the University had obtained a court order over 12 months on a group of about 25 students, who occupied a residential building on campus from 23 to 26 November 2011, preventing them from participating in more "protest action labor "in the grounds of the University without prior permission. It was misreported in the press that this command applies to all students, however, the court order the defendants defined as:

Unknown persons (including students from the University of Birmingham) entering or remaining in the buildings known as # 2 Pritchatts Road Lodge, Birmingham in Birmingham University for the purpose of a protest action (without the consent of the University of Birmingham)

The University and the Students' Union has also clarified the scope of the injunction in an email sent to all students on January 11, 2012, stating that "The injunction applies only to persons who occupied the cottage ".

The University sought this mandate as a security measure based on previous occupations, although three human rights groups, including Amnesty International condemned the measure as restrictive in terms of human rights.